The Evolution of Japan’s Sauna Culture
Saunas originally began as a tradition in Finland, but they have a long history in Japan as well, having undergone unique evolution. After World War II, especially from the 1960s onward, saunas rapidly gained popularity in Japan amid a growing health consciousness. Initially, they were used in sports gyms and public baths for health and beauty purposes, becoming symbols of a Western lifestyle. By the 1980s, saunas began to establish themselves as relaxation spaces for urban dwellers.
In the Reiwa era, saunas play an important role not just in relaxation but also in supporting people’s mental and physical health. Nowadays, various types of facilities have emerged, offering new ways to enjoy saunas. Thus, Japan’s unique sauna culture continues to evolve and is beloved by many. It is expected that new trends will emerge as we continue to observe its transformation.
The Beginning of Sauna Culture in Japan
Japan’s sauna culture began with the opening of “Tokyo Onsen” in Ginza, Tokyo, in 1957. This facility gained attention as a luxurious bathing establishment offering diverse entertainment, set against the backdrop of post-war economic recovery. A notable feature was the introduction of domestically produced saunas, inspired by Finland and crafted with Japanese technology and sensibility. The first president, Toru Konami, was influenced by the Finnish sauna used by the Finnish team at the Melbourne Olympics, leading to the spread of this new lifestyle in Japan.
Showa Era: The Spread of Sauna Culture
In the 1960s, the health and beauty benefits of saunas were highlighted, leading to their rapid spread in sports gyms and public baths. This period saw the arrival of the first sauna boom, with many people using saunas for relaxation and health maintenance. In urban areas, saunas were seen as a sophisticated lifestyle choice and a symbol of Western living. During this time, home saunas also appeared, becoming part of everyday life for citizens.
Public Facilities Evolving with Urbanization
From the mid-Showa era onward, as urbanization progressed across Japan, saunas were installed in many public facilities like public baths and super sento, becoming popular as a form of common entertainment. These facilities served not only as places for bathing but also as spaces for communication, becoming indispensable in the daily lives of many people.
Heisei Era: Diversifying Enjoyment
From the 1980s to the 1990s, saunas began to establish themselves as relaxation spaces, but that was not all. During this period, super sento opened nationwide, transforming into new forms. These offered not only traditional baths but also rock baths and open-air baths, and their diverse services gained further popularity.
Facilities Enjoyable for Families
In the Heisei era, saunas were adapted for families, becoming bustling places visited by multigenerational groups. With children’s pools, game centers, and delicious dining options, they evolved into complex leisure facilities where one could spend an entire day. This trend made them popular spots for even more people.
Reiwa Era: New Trends and Global Expansion
Recently, the word “tuning” has become a buzzword, and a new trend has emerged where people visit saunas just to “tune.” Additionally, unique services incorporating Japanese elements are increasing. For example, there are various menus like relaxation methods using aromatic steam and massage services with birch branches (vihta).
Strengthening Global Outreach
Moreover, Japan’s unique creative approach is attracting attention from overseas. This movement, also known as the “Japanese Ondol” style, is highly regarded worldwide, and its popularity continues to grow both domestically and internationally. Especially for tourists, unique experience menus like matcha baths are offered, reflecting Japan’s spirit of hospitality.
Expectations and Challenges for the Future
In modern society, saunas are gaining renewed attention as a method for stress management and maintaining mental and physical health. However, there are voices pointing out a lack of information dissemination regarding safety considerations and proper usage. Therefore, for further promotion, it is essential to consider solutions for important issues such as providing correct knowledge and improving the environment. Nevertheless, the number of enthusiasts continues to grow both domestically and internationally, deepening its appeal. As we continue to pursue the aesthetic of diverse spaces for “healing,” further leaps forward are anticipated.
How Did Sauna Culture Begin in Japan?
The beginning of sauna culture in Japan dates back to the first installation at “Tokyo Onsen” in Ginza, Tokyo, in 1957. This installation was triggered by the introduction of saunas to Japanese shooting representatives by foreign athletes at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics. At the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, saunas were also installed in the athletes’ village, creating a significant buzz.
How Did Saunas Spread in Japan During the Showa Era?
During the Showa era, Japan experienced a period of rapid economic growth, and with the increase in national income, entertainment also developed. During this time, saunas were introduced in many bathing facilities and sports clubs, establishing an image of being for “middle-aged men.” However, it gradually expanded to a more diverse audience.
What Changes Occurred in Sauna Culture After the Heisei Era?
In the Heisei era, the value of saunas for health and relaxation was reevaluated. In particular, the 2019 drama “Sauna Road” sparked a new boom. This led to increased popularity among young people and women, evolving to meet diverse needs.
What Are the Characteristics of Japan’s Sauna Culture in the Reiwa Era?
In the Reiwa era, saunas have gained attention not only from young people and women but also from overseas tourists. Additionally, various styles, including the Finnish style, have been incorporated. Today, saunas are used not only for relaxation but also as communication spaces.
What Is the Relationship with Finland?
Finland is known as the birthplace of saunas. This culture, which has existed since around 7000 BC, has influenced Japan as well. At the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, saunas brought by the Finnish team were recognized as intriguing within Japan.
What Is Expected of Sauna Culture in Japan in the Future?
In the future, diversity and personalization are expected. By incorporating new elements such as temperature settings and aromatherapy tailored to individual preferences, saunas will continue to evolve. Additionally, facilities with regional characteristics are increasing, with a movement to compete in uniqueness.
The Transition of Sauna Culture in Japan
Japan’s sauna culture began with the opening of “Tokyo Onsen” in Ginza, Tokyo, in 1957. This facility was inspired by Finnish saunas and incorporated Japanese technology. In the 1960s, the health and beauty benefits of saunas were highlighted, leading to the arrival of the first sauna boom. In urban areas, saunas became symbols of a Western lifestyle, spreading to many sports gyms and public baths.
From the 1980s onward, saunas also established themselves as relaxation spaces. In the Heisei era, super sento emerged, and diverse ways to enjoy saunas spread. They were adapted for families, evolving into complex leisure facilities where one could enjoy a full day.
In the Reiwa era, a new trend of “tuning” emerged, and Japan’s unique creative services are increasing. Additionally, the “Japanese Ondol” style, which is also appreciated overseas, highlights Japan’s unique hospitality. However, there are also criticisms of insufficient information dissemination regarding safety and proper usage, which is a challenge for the future. Nonetheless, saunas continue to be loved by many people both domestically and internationally.